Development and Validation of Instruments for Lifelong Learning Evaluation in the Context of Community Learning Centers

Penulis

  • Yudi Siswanto Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Kata Kunci:

lifelong learning, authentic evaluation, Community Learning Centers, non-formal education

Abstrak

This research aims to develop and validate authentic evaluation instruments for lifelong learning in the context of Community Learning Center (CLC). Quantitative methods with a survey approach were used on 120 CLC tutors as respondents. The analysis stages include exploratory factor analysis to explore factor structure and confirmatory factor analysis to test the validity of constructs. The test results confirmed the existence of four main dimensions: learning motivation, critical thinking, information literacy, and adaptability and independent learning, which consisted of 19 items measured with high-factor load items. The instrument showed strong internal reliability with adequate Cronbach's alpha values and construct reliability, as well as convergent validity through average variance extracted. Respondents' profiles reflect a representative demographic diversity. This instrument is relevant for use in the evaluation of CLC programs and the development of non-formal education curricula, supporting the strengthening of a culture of lifelong learning. This research makes a theoretical and practical contribution in measuring and developing the capacity of lifelong learners in non-formal institutions. The next research suggestion is to expand validation with a more diverse population to improve the generalization of results.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

Referensi

Aghna Abdillah, A. (2025). Peranan Pendidikan Formal Dan Non-Formal Dalam Menunjang Karir Santri. Jurnal Bilqolam Pendidikan Islam, 6(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.51672/jbpi.v6i1.555

Agyekum, B., Ali, W., & Afutu-Kotey, R. L. (2024). Continuing Education and Perception of Community Learning Centres: A Case Study of the University of Ghana Community Learning Centres, Ghana. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 30(1), 193–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/14779714231189617

Akdere, M., & Egan, T. (2020). Transformational leadership and human resource development: Linking employee learning, job satisfaction, and organizational performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 31(4), 393–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21404

Alamer, A. (2025). Structural equation modeling (SEM) in L2 writing research: Simple tutorial and useful recommendations. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 100202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2025.100202

Assefa, Y., Moges, B. T., & Tilwani, S. A. (2024). Lifelong learning measurement scale (LLMS): development and validation in the context of higher education institutions. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 16(3), 693–705. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-04-2023-0164

Bahri, E. S., Aslam, M. M. M., & Hermawan, Y. (2024). Innovation in Non-formal Education in Indonesia. Journal of Psychology and Sustainable Education, 1(2), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.62886/jpse.v1i2.7

Cohen, T. (2006). Instrument Design Standards and Guidelines. In Travel Survey Methods (pp. 161–173). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/9780080464015-008

Crick, R. D., Broadfoot, P., & Claxton, G. (2004). Developing an effective lifelong learning inventory: The ELLI Project. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 11(3), 247–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594042000304582

Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173(August), 121092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092

Dwivedi, Y. K., Choudrie, J., & Brinkman, W. P. (2006). Development of a survey instrument to examine consumer adoption of broadband. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 106(5), 700–718. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570610666458

Field A. (2016). Exploratory Factor Analysis. In Principles of Applied Research Methods (pp. 513–567). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529682823.n17

Gervacio, J. L. M., & Xhomaqi, B. (2025). The Role of Nonformal and Informal Learning in Strengthening a Culture of Lifelong Learning. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2025(185), 54–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.20557

Hager, P. J. (2020). Concepts and Definitions of Lifelong Learning. In M. London (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Lifelong Learning, Second Edition. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197506707.013.2

Hapsari, A. D., & Widhiarso, W. (2023). The effectiveness of item parceling to increase the model fit: A case study of PAPs. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 27(1), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v27i1.49012

Harney, B., & Gubbins, C. (2024). Human Resource Development (HRD) Meets Human Resource Management (HRM): A Skills Based Agenda for a FRAGILE World Order. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 26(4), 160–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223241267922

Iis Prasetyo, Tohani, E., & Adeoye, M. A. (2024). Current Study of Nonformal Education Program in The Era of The Industrial Revolution 4.0. Journal of Nonformal Education, 10(2), 446–456. https://doi.org/10.15294/jone.v10i2.7402

Izah, S. C., Sylva, L., & Hait, M. (2024). Cronbach’s Alpha: A Cornerstone in Ensuring Reliability and Validity in Environmental Health Assessment. ES Energy and Environment, 23, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.30919/esee1057

Kirby, J. R., Knapper, C., Lamon, P., & Egnatoff, W. J. (2010). Development of a scale to measure lifelong learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 29(3), 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601371003700584

Latifa, I., & Pribadi, F. (2022). Peran Lembaga Pendidikan Nonformal Dalam Mengatasi Pengangguran Di Era Digital. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Undiksha, 3(3), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpsu.v3i3.45781

Marfu’ah, H. (2022). Pendidikan Sepanjang Hayat dan Berbagai Implikasinya. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kajian Aswaja, 7(2), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.56013/jpka.v7i2.1159

Mhlongo, S., Mbatha, K., Ramatsetse, B., & Dlamini, R. (2023). Challenges, opportunities, and prospects of adopting and using smart digital technologies in learning environments: An iterative review. Heliyon, 9(6), e16348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16348

Morris, T. H., & Rohs, M. (2021). Digitization bolstering self-directed learning for information literate adults–A systematic review. Computers and Education Open, 2, 100048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100048

Mwaikokesya, M. J. D., Osborne, M., & Houston, M. (2014). Mapping Lifelong Learning Attributes in the Context of Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 20(2), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.7227/jace.20.2.3

Neak, P., & Charungkaittikul, S. (2023). Guidelines to enhance community participation in Community Learning Centres in the Kingdom of Cambodia. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 29(2), 659–682. https://doi.org/10.1177/14779714221131893

Nye, C. D. (2023). Reviewer Resources: Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 26(4), 608–628. https://doi.org/10.1177/10944281221120541

Owusu-Agyeman, Y. (2024). How lifelong learning shapes the professional development of staff in higher education institutions. Quality Education for All, 1(2), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.1108/QEA-01-2024-0013

Park, J. H., Lee, K., & Dabelko-Schoeny, H. (2016). A Comprehensive Evaluation of a Lifelong Learning Program: Program 60. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 84(1), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415016668352

Pramudia, J. R. (2018). The Study on Lifelong Learning Programmes in Non-formal Education in Indonesia. Journal of Modern Education Review, 8(3), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/03.08.2018/005

Selickait?, D., Hutzler, Y., Puk?nas, K., Block, M. E., & R?klaitien?, D. (2019). The Analysis of the Structure, Validity, and Reliability of an Inclusive Physical Education Self-Efficacy Instrument for Lithuanian Physical Education Teachers. SAGE Open, 9(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019852473

Sproule, R., Drewery, D., & Pretti, J. (2019). Development of a Rubric to Assess Lifelong Learning in Work-Integrated Learning Reflection Assignments. Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching, 12, 94–105. https://doi.org/10.22329/celt.v12i0.5376

Suryadi, A., Budimansyah, D., Solehuddin, M., Shantini, Y., & Yunus, D. (2020). Microcredit Provision, Lifelong Learning, and Productivity of Poor Women in Indonesian Villages. Adult Education Quarterly, 70(4), 360–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713620918525

Talati, J. J. (2014). Lifelong learning: Established concepts and evolving values. Arab Journal of Urology, 12(1), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2013.11.001

Tavakol, M., & Wetzel, A. (2020). Factor Analysis: a means for theory and instrument development in support of construct validity. International Journal of Medical Education, 11, 245–247. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5f96.0f4a

Thwe, W. P., & Kálmán, A. (2024). Lifelong Learning in the Educational Setting: A Systematic Literature Review. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 33(2), 407–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-023-00738-w

Tungkunanan, P. (2020). Learning Model of Undergraduate Students: Confirmatory Factor Analysis. International Journal of Instruction, 13(3), 665–678. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13345a

Van den Broeck, L., De Laet, T., Dujardin, R., Tuyaerts, S., & Langie, G. (2024). Unveiling the competencies at the core of lifelong learning: A systematic literature review. Educational Research Review, 45(October), 100646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100646

Van Nieuwenhove, L., & De Wever, B. (2024). Psychosocial Barriers to Adult Learning and the Role of Prior Learning Experiences: A Comparison Based on Educational Level. Adult Education Quarterly, 74(1), 62–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136231147491

Verkooijen, M. H. M., van Tuijl, A. A. C., Calsbeek, H., Fluit, C. R. M. G., & van Gurp, P. J. (2024). How to evaluate lifelong learning skills of healthcare professionals: a systematic review on content and quality of instruments for measuring lifelong learning. BMC Medical Education, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06335-9

##submission.downloads##

Diterbitkan

2025-09-18

Cara Mengutip

Siswanto, Y. (2025). Development and Validation of Instruments for Lifelong Learning Evaluation in the Context of Community Learning Centers. Lifelong Education Journal, 5(1), 20–28. Diambil dari https://journal.imadiklus.or.id/index.php/lej/article/view/347

Terbitan

Bagian

Artikel